Spraying exogenous synthetic cytokinin 6‐benzyladenine following the waterlogging improves grain growth of waterlogged maize in the field

6‐Benzyladenine (6‐BA, a synthetic cytokinin) could improve the ability to resist adversity. However, very little attention has been given to its role in alleviating waterlogging damages on grain growth. A field experiment was performed to investigate effects of exogenous 6‐BA after waterlogging for 6 days at the third leaf stage (V3‐WL + 6‐BA) or the sixth leaf stage (V6‐WL + 6‐BA) on grain filling, and endogenous hormone of summer maize hybrids DengHai605 (DH605) and ZhengDan958 (ZD958), which were planted popularly in China. Exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain filling by improving grain weight and volume, which was beneficial to yield increase. Grain yield of DH605 under V3‐WL + 6‐BA and V6‐WL + 6‐BA increased by 16% and 12%, respectively, compared with that of V3‐WL (waterlogging at the third leaf stage) and V6‐WL (waterlogging at the sixth leaf stage), while the corresponding values for ZD958 increased by 20% and 15%, respectively. Moreover, exogenous 6‐BA alleviated waterlogging damages on grain endogenous hormone content by increasing levels of endogenous indole‐3‐acetic acid, zeatin riboside, and gibberellic acid, and decreasing level of abscisic acid in grain of waterlogged summer maize during grain‐filling periods. Clearly, exogenous 6‐BA improved grain‐filling characteristics, and endogenous hormone, resulting in a significant yield increase of waterlogged summer maize.     

Two filamentous microalgae as feed ingredients improved flesh quality and enhanced antioxidant capacity and immunity of the gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

A 40‐day experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two filamentous microalgae as feed ingredients on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles, pigmentation and immunity of gibel carp (204.83 ± 2.17 g, mean ± SD). Three diets (control, Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp.) were formulated. In the control diet, no microalgal meal was added and into the Oedocladium and Tribonema diets were added 40 g/kg Oedocladium sp. meal and 50 g/kg Tribonema sp. meal, respectively. Compared to the control, the addition of Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp. had significant effects on tissue fatty acid profiles, antioxidant capacity and immunity without compromising growth, body composition and pigmentation. The addition of Tribonema sp. and Oedocladium sp. significantly increased the EPA, DHA profiles and the ratio of n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and simultaneously decreased the n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids profile in fish muscles. Moreover, addition of Tribonema sp. to the diet significantly increased muscle palmitoleic profile and EPA + DHA contents. Furthermore, the addition of either microalga significantly increased the total superoxide dismutase activity level and the complement 3 and immunoglobulin M contents in the plasma. These results demonstrate that Oedocladium sp. and Tribonema sp. can be used as feed ingredients to improve flesh quality and increase the immunity of fish.     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

真鲷虹彩病毒自然感染杂交石斑鱼“褐龙斑”的组织病理分析

褐龙斑是雌性褐石斑鱼(Epinephelus bruneus)和雄性鞍带石斑鱼(E. lanceolatus)杂交产生的子代。作为杂交石斑鱼的新品种，国内外尚没有褐龙斑疾病的报道。2017年7月，某养殖场褐龙斑出现急性死亡，10 d内累积死亡率高达80%。现场调查发现，病鱼外观无明显异常，但反应迟钝，伏底死亡。临床检查和剖检可见脾和肾严重肿大、易碎。组织病理切片观察发现，各组织中存在数量不等的嗜碱性、细胞质均一、直径为10~15 µm的肿大细胞。超薄组织切片中发现，肿大细胞胞质内存在大量直径为130~150 nm的虹彩病毒样颗粒。使用特异性的PCR引物，从病鱼脾、头肾等组织中均检测到真鲷虹彩病毒(Red seabream iridovirus, RSIV)的高强度感染。测定了该病毒主要衣壳蛋白(Major capsid protein, MCP)基因1362 bp的全长编码区，构建了19种(株)虹彩病毒系统发育树，结果显示，该病毒属于虹彩病毒科肿大细胞病毒属RSIV类群。本研究首次描述了褐龙斑虹彩病毒病的组织病理特征，揭示了褐龙斑是RSIV新的敏感宿主，为杂交石斑鱼病毒病的诊断与防治提供了重要的参考依据。     

急性冰水应激对犬血清甲状腺激素、NO及Na、K、Cl离子含量的影响

通过测定急性冰水应激时犬血清甲状腺激素、NO及Na、K、Cl离子含量的变化,来评价急性冰水应激对犬体内能量代谢、氧化应激状态及电解质平衡的影响。试验选取8只成年杂种犬,保定躯干浸于冰水混合物中(0~4)℃,使其进行冰水浴30 min。分别于处理前0.5 h(-0.5 h)及处理后0、0.5、1、3、7 h进行桡静脉采血2 mL,分离血清后测定其甲状腺激素(T3、T4)、一氧化氮(NO)及Na^+、K^+、Cl^-的含量。结果表明:与-0.5 h(处理前)相比,处理后各时间点犬血清T3含量无显著变化(P>0.05),与-0.5 h及0、3、7 h相比,血清T4含量在0.5 h时显著降低(P<0.05);血清NO含量在处理后各时间点均显著高于处理前0.5 h(P<0.05),且1、3、7 h显著高于0、0.5 h(P<0.05);与-0.5 h相比,处理后3 h血清Na^+含量显著升高(P<0.05),血清K^+含量处理后0 h显著高于1、3、7 h(P<0.05),血清Cl^-含量处理前后差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究表明,急性短期冰水应激会扰乱机体的能量代谢状态、降低T4含量,同时造成氧化应激损伤、使NO含量大量升高;引起血清Na、K离子平衡紊乱、含量升高,提示临床上人或动物发生冰水应激时应及时纠正机体能量代谢、氧化还原平衡和电解质的紊乱。     

Relationship Between Postural Stability and Paraspinal Muscle Adaptation in Lame Horses Undergoing Rehabilitation

Postural stability maintains balance, protects the spinal column, and allows accurate responses to destabilizing forces. The musculus multifidus (m. multifidus) is the major postural muscle located adjacent to the vertebrae along the length of the spinal column. Increased cross-sectional area (CSA) of the m. multifidus has been demonstrated in horses after a rehabilitation strengthening exercise program; however, correlation with functional postural stability has not been shown. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship of the thoracolumbar m. multifidus CSA and measures of postural sway performance in lame horses undergoing rehabilitation exercises in clinical cases. Seven client-owned horses admitted to the equine rehabilitation service were included in the study. M. multifidus CSA was measured via ultrasonography at the start of a rehabilitation program (initial evaluation) and after 12 weeks of rehabilitation exercises (final evaluation). Postural sway data were also measured at initial and final evaluation. A significant increase in m. multifidus CSA was seen from initial to final evaluation. A moderate to strong correlation was present between m. multifidus CSA and postural sway variables. These results suggest that there is an association between postural stability and m. multifidus hypertrophy in lame horses undergoing individualized rehabilitation programs. However, more research is needed to provide a definitive answer on the nature of this relationship. Ideally, specific performance tests would better define and examine the relationship in which to guide clinicians in rehabilitation protocol development.     

茶树新品种--梦茗

"梦茗"系从安徽省岳西县来榜镇优良地方群体种中采用单株选育法育成的适制绿茶新品种。经安徽省内品比、推广示范和全国区试,发现"梦茗"物候期与福鼎大白茶相当,属早生种。品质优异,全国区试3个点感官审评总分均高于对照;内含物含量高,氨基酸含量4.9%、茶多酚总量26.9%、水浸出物总量40%。产量高,品比试验高于福鼎大白茶26.45%,全国区试产量与对照相当。抗旱能力强,抗寒能力与对照相当。     

复硝酚钠与胺鲜酯对棉花化肥吸收率的影响

【目的】研究复硝酚钠(CSN)与胺鲜酯(DA-6)2种植物生长调节剂,分别和化肥复配施用对棉花化肥吸收率的影响。【方法】通过复硝酚硝与胺鲜酯分别和化肥复配施用,采集棉花2叶期、4叶期、6叶期各20株,测定棉株鲜重,干重,以及全氮、全磷和全钾含量,计算棉花3个时期的干物质比、氮吸收率、磷吸收率、钾吸收率,与CK相比较,分析复硝酚钠与胺鲜酯对棉花肥料吸收率的影响。【结果】复硝酚钠和化肥复配施肥后,棉花对肥料的吸收率在2叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了10.76%、0.87%和10.4%。4叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了18.5%、2.34%和24.86%。6叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了31.14%、5.33%和35.56%;胺鲜酯和化肥复配施肥后棉花对肥料的吸收率在2叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了8.31%、0.85%和9.25%。4叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了11.51%、1.48%和15.66%。6叶期时氮、磷、钾吸收率分别提高了27.11%、4.49%和30.31%。【结论】复硝酚钠与胺鲜酯与化肥复配施用,对棉花化肥吸收率有明显的促进作用。     

不同小麦品种小麦白粉病发病程度及其田间发生动态分析

【目的】研究新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病危害程度和田间发生动态,为科学防控小麦白粉病提供理论依据。【方法】采用定期定点调查的方法,系统调查不同品种小麦白粉病发生情况。【结果】新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生动态基本一致。新冬60号、新冬57号、新冬40号和新冬20号小麦白粉病病情指数最高分别为8.22、7.11、37.63和25.48。新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著轻于新冬40号和新冬20号,新冬40号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著重于新冬20号。【结论】新冬60号和新冬57号小麦白粉病田间危害程度极显著轻于新冬20号,可根据田间发病情况,合理减施农药。新冬40号小麦白粉病田间发生程度极显著重于新冬20号,应加强对小麦白粉病的预防。     

扁杆藨草持续危害对棉花农艺和经济性状的影响

【目的】研究扁杆藨草持续危害对棉花的影响,为棉田该杂草科学防治提供依据。【方法】扁杆藨草种群密度设为60 株/m² ,测定其持续危害0、10、20、30、40、50 、60 d和全生育期棉花株高、茎粗、主茎节数、结铃数、单铃重、产量和纤维品质指标。【结果】棉花株高和茎粗随扁杆藨草危害持续期延长而减小。扁杆藨草持续危害期小于30 d,对棉花主茎节数和果枝数影响不显著,大于30 d则显著减少。扁杆藨草持续危害期对棉花中部和下部果枝结铃数影响不显著,显著引起上部果枝结铃数、单铃重减少。扁杆藨草持续危害期大于10 d,可使棉花产量显著减少,导致棉纤维品质指标下降。【结论】依据棉花产量指标,扁杆藨草防除应不晚于棉花打顶前30 d。